What does the term "per se" mean?

The term "per se" is derived from Latin, meaning "in and of itself." This phrase is often used in legal contexts to describe something that is inherently or intrinsically true, without needing additional context or evidence to support it. For example, in antitrust law, certain actions may be considered anticompetitive "per se," meaning they are deemed harmful regardless of the situation or circumstances surrounding them. This concept holds significance because it allows for straightforward legal determinations without the need for extensive analysis of the broader context or external factors. The other options don't align with the specific meaning of "per se," as they suggest reliance on externalities or subjective interpretation, which is contrary to the core idea of that term.