What does the Doctrine of Fusion state regarding criminal cases?

The Doctrine of Fusion states that in criminal cases, both the mental intent (mens rea) and the physical act (actus reus) must be proven for a conviction to occur. This principle emphasizes that a crime requires not only the actions taken (the behavior that constitutes the crime) but also the intention behind those actions. In other words, the prosecution must demonstrate that the defendant not only committed the act but also had the requisite mental state or intent to commit that act at the time.

This doctrine is foundational in criminal law, distinguishing between mere thoughts and thoughts translated into action. As such, it clarifies that legal responsibility arises when a person's intention to commit a crime aligns with their actions, enabling the legal system to appropriately assess guilt based on a comprehensive understanding of both elements.